The energy demands of AI data centres have reached a critical point, prompting discussions—led by figures like Elon Musk—about relocating servers to space for continuous solar access. However, a new initiative suggests that the ocean could serve as a more viable environment. Aikido Technologies, an offshore wind developer, is set to deploy a 100-kilowatt data centre submerged near Norway by the end of the year. This pilot unit will be integrated within the subsurface of a floating wind turbine.
Aikido envisions expanding its efforts by 2028, aiming to establish a larger facility off the UK coast, powered by a turbine generating between 15 to 18 megawatts, expected to support a data centre ranging from 10 to 12 megawatts. This offshore strategy addresses several challenges. For one, the provision of renewable energy is assured, with turbines positioned directly above the data centre to provide a reliable power source. Additionally, offshore wind patterns are typically more consistent, and a small battery system can help mitigate power interruptions.
By relocating data centres underwater, Aikido could also alleviate community opposition tied to noise and pollution often associated with these facilities. Moreover, the cold sea water offers a natural cooling solution for servers, simplifying thermal management—a notable advantage compared to the more complex cooling requirements for data centres in space.
Despite these benefits, underwater data centres present their own set of issues. The oceanic environment can be harsh, exposing submerged servers to potential movement while requiring robust protection against corrosive seawater. Consequently, all equipment, including containers and connections for data and power, must be designed to withstand these conditions.
Aikido is not alone in this venture. Microsoft has explored similar concepts, initiating an underwater project over a decade ago. In 2018, they tested this idea off the Scottish coast, achieving a notable success rate wherein only six of the 850 servers malfunctioned during a 25-month period. This data centre was operationally distinctive due to its inert nitrogen gas environment, which likely contributed to the servers’ reliability. However, Microsoft abandoned the initiative by 2024, despite having garnered several patents, which were later open-sourced in 2021.
In summary, Aikido’s project represents a cutting-edge approach to sustainably powering data centres whilst negotiating environmental and community concerns. The success of Aikido’s and Microsoft’s previous efforts may pave the way for innovative solutions to the growing energy requirements of AI infrastructure.
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